An Effective Team Project Team - 1178 Words

Q1 Teamwork in the workplace is an important factor which contribute to project success. . Successful teamwork can improve productivity, morale, motivation and innovation. Consequently, project managers need to take responsibility to accumulate an effective team project team in the primary stage. Teamwork helps to achieve project objectives which require efforts from every team members. A successful project teams often fully respect the personality and differences of the team member, paying attentions on different opinions within the team, aims to Stimulate potential of the colleagues Truly make every member of the team involved in the work, risk and profit sharing, cooperate, and the completion of team goals. Teamwork is the great power of innovation. People are the only resource of various resources initiative. The development of enterprises must rational allocation of human, financial, material, and mobilize people s enthusiasm and creativity. which are the core resource allocation, teamwork is the wisdom, strength, experience and other resources reasonably mobilize to make the greatest economies of scale is expressed by the formula of economics: 1 + 1 2 mode The purpose of this report is to critically evaluate the performance of our team on the project management exercise concentrate on how the team functioned during the module. Starting with analysing of the Belbin’s team roles inventory profiles and how it influenced team performance, after that, At theShow MoreRelatedEstablishing An Effective Electronic Commerce Project Team1382 Words   |  6 Pages Establishing an Effective Electronic Commerce Project Team Johnathan Meyers State College of Florida ETI 2441: Project Management Instructor: Frank Clements Abstract Fifty years ago, the concept of social media, cell phones, and the Internet was just being developed. Today, these types of technology are being utilized in all aspects of life. About 40% of the world’s population has access to the Internet that is roughly 3.1 million people (Internet Live States). WithRead MoreIntroduction Project Team is the group of people who work towards the common goal and share the1700 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Project Team is the group of people who work towards the common goal and share the responsibility to get the positive outcome. Robinson Robinson (1994) define a team as a group of people, but all groups do not qualify as teams. Team members usually work under the project manager and it requires involvement from the different department. Katzenbach and Smith (1994) defines team as a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performanceRead MoreDiversity and Avoiding Conflict in Project Team1415 Words   |  6 Pagesdiversity, and successfully identify and handle conflict within a team environment is necessary to the success of all projects. The project leader must have the appropriate skill set to successfully understand how to lead diverse teams and identify, lead conflict in a positive manner and communicate appropriately to our customers. We want to ensure that our customers are receiving what product that they have requested. The project leader will also ensure the customer is full satisfied with allRead MoreWhat Skills For An Effective Project Manager? How Can These Skills Be Developed?961 Words   |  4 PagesNatalie Smith QSO 340 Midterm Exams 1. What are some essential skills for an effective project manager? How can these skills be developed? The essential skills that is needed for an effective project manager would be being able to build cooperative and trusting relationships with different groups of individuals in order to complete the project. PM has to be able to influence change, led by example, have effective problem solving skills, innovate and maintain stability, see the bigger pictureRead MoreHow Current Project Teams Within The Organization Can Work More Collaboratively And Effectively1335 Words   |  6 Pagespaper will address the question of how current project teams within the organization can work more collaboratively and effectively. Due to the number of recent failed projects, the organization is currently looking into how project teams are set up and managed. The issue, given the circumstances, revolves around how to equip managers, team leaders, and members with the skills and support to progress from project teams to high performing project teams in order to deliver the much-needed results inRead MoreHuman Resources And Project Management1413 Words   |  6 Pages Assignment: Huma n Resources and Project Management Assignment Answer Effective management of organizational projects is thorough dependent upon individuals possessing great leadership skills and competencies, since in the absence of an effective project leader a specific project is likely to fail in the long run. The successful accomplishment of projects is the sole former responsibility as well as objective of a project manager, who takes enormous responsibility upon his shoulder when itRead MoreAddressing Challenges of Groups and Teams - Organizational Leadership967 Words   |  4 PagesAddressing Challenges of Groups and Teams Paper Linda Newman LDR/531 Organizational Leadership Instructor: M. Aloysius Simpson August16, 2010 Addressing Challenges of Groups and Teams Paper In any group or team there are always challenges to face but in today’s world, more company’s are moving to group or teams as a way to handle large projects along with promoting more diversity in the workplace. â€Å"A group is defined as two or more individual interacting and independent, whoRead MoreCommon Characteristics Of Effective Productive Teams1304 Words   |  6 PagesCharacteristics of Effective, Productive Teams No matter the personalities, effective teambuilding is an ongoing process. As a manager, it is up to you to constantly evaluate and be prepared to tweak the process when needed so that team members feel valued, heard and rewarded. Let’s take a look at the common elements shared by effective, productive teams. 1) Communication is sincere and honest. Team members do not engage in malicious talk about other team members. An effective team has a trust levelRead MoreEssay about Project Management1112 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction In nowadays society, the using of project management is more and more common today. The entrepreneurs are more likely to employ staffs who have learnt project management. So that learning the skill of project management is more useful and also important now. Larson and Erik (2011) mention that good project manager are trained or come from experience, not born. For this reason, in this essay it will discuss the fit between some published theories on project management and personal practice asRead MoreThe Importance Of Team Leadership And The Key Skills Of Team Teams1025 Words   |  5 PagesTo build effective project teams and to maintain the necessary teamwork, a project leader must understand the aspects of team leadership and the crucial skills of team members. Building effective teams and teamwork is not limited to a particular organization; this approach is utilized anywhere that collaboration is required to multiple people, teams or projects. Every team needs to be able to wo rk together towards a common goal to be successful. Leaders are unable to lead a team if they cannot inspire

Research Project On Energy Neutral Homes - 1619 Words

Introduction CE 3.1 This career episode gives the brief description about my roles and responsibilities executed during the project on Energy Neutral Homes in Geelong which was done as a part of my Masters in Automotive and product development at Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. Chronology: 20 Name of the Organization: Deakin University Graphical location: Geelong, Australia Project Title: Energy Neutral Homes in Geelong Position: Student Trainee Background CE 3.2 This project was implemented as a part of my Masters in Automotive and product development at Deakin University. This career episode gives the complete information of my roles and responsibilities which I have executed while implementing the project. CE 3.3†¦show more content†¦This project has been executed by taking the different electricity generation of Geelong house of different sources of electrical energy and is been compared with other smart electrical energy. CE 3.6 Hierarchy Model CE 3.7 My tasks involved during the project period were: To select two bedroom house in Geelong To met project guide twice a week to discuss the project progress. To document each weeks work in a weekly submission To gather information on related topics of solar and wind energy To execute energy auditing To consider energy efficiency To check the energy regulation To employ renewable resources To prepare final documentation with good analysis work on the project. Personal Workplace Activity CE 3.8 Initially, I have executed energy auditing which means inspecting a house and noting down the energy flow in kW and time. Due to this energy auditing there are many advantages: it improves household energy efficiency, Reduce our impact on climate change and Save money. This auditing completes in 1-2 hrs. I examined that there are a variety of Australian and State Government subsidies, rebates and tailored information services available to Australian households to help improve their efficiency and sustainability. Each state has its own green rebate scheme for local households. It may even be potential to claim both a state and federal rebate on certain items. CE 3.9 Next, I have considered energyShow MoreRelatedAp Case Study1520 Words   |  7 Pageswith new-build homes only accounting for an extra 1% to the UK housing stock every year (DCLG (2007)), and an estimated 87% of the current housing stock likely to still be standing by 2050 (Boardman, 2007b), it is abundantly clear that the retrofitting of the existing housing stock in the UK is of vital importance in order for the UK to meet its 2050 carbon output reduction target. There are a variety of methods upon which an existing home can be retrofitted to become more carbon neutral. I will be reviewingRead MoreWhy British Columbia Should Continue Gradually Increase Price On Carbon Tax1245 Words   |  5 PagesFor the last two decades, the increased use of fossil energy caused the environmental problems. The evidence of global warming, like drying rivers, extinction of species, melting of glaciers, became more often around the planet. The climate change became a threat to healthy environment a nd prosperity of humanity and wildlife, and the world community started searching for solution to combat climate change. In 2008 British Columbia introduced carbon tax on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to reduce globalRead MoreGoogles Attempt to Reduce Environmental Impact1252 Words   |  5 Pagesless energy driving a car one mile. Google’s carbon footprint is zero. I know this because from research it says â€Å"Google are committed to go beyond carbon neutral by donating over 1 billion dollars to renewable energy projects that create far more renewable energy for the world than Google consumes.† As well as this their products enable users to save energy themselves. However no matter how hard Google have tried they still add to carbon emissions, because of this Google invest in projects thatRead MoreResearch Paper On The Expansion Of Windows730 Words   |  3 PagesThinking about a major remodeling project this year to bring in abundant natural light and connect y our natural outdoor spaces with your interior rooms? Have you considered installing replacement windows and/or patio doors to create a stunning wall of glass? Every homeowner deserves at least one room that provides a place to relax and connect with nature. In addition to brightening up your home, large windows give you an opportunity to enjoy the beauty of the outdoors throughout the seasons withoutRead MoreThe Future Of Residential Housing1440 Words   |  6 Pagespositive channels through major design principles in generating flexible or neutral spaces that allow freedom of use and ability to adapt to changes. Mainly it allows sustainability through the multi-use of the space allowing the use of land, energy, fuel and greenery. The quality of infrastructure in the surrounding neighbourhood and region is important alongside the quality of its construction and the management of the homes themselves. This is explored in the case study of the Hong Kong apartmentsRead MoreGlobal Warming And The Depletion Of Non Renewable Resources3186 Words   |  13 PagesEmergent Communities A Pathway To Net Zero Energy Kara Boboski Abstract: This paper discusses the issues of global warming, and the depletion of non-renewable resources, and how it has lead to the promotion of net zero energy communities. There are many benefits to achieving carbon neutrality, which will be further explored. A wide variety of clean energy is available, which can be harnessed and even stored for future use. This variety of clean energy no negative effect on the earth. Further moreRead MoreElectrical Power in the United States1876 Words   |  7 Pagesshouldnt put solar panels to collect the solar energy in New Hampshire because they barely have sun compared to Arizona. Its very important to check stuff like weather patterns and the population of a state. Its important to know the population so like that if it disrupts an environment like a very big city or a forest full of endangered species the impact wont hurt that many people, animals, or plants around. There are many ways to make energy but some arent possible in the U.S. The possibleRead MoreProblems in the Construction Industry1591 Words   |  7 PagesCurrent Problems and Issues Faced in The Construction Industry It is quite obvious that the Construction industry is one of the most important industries in the world. Because of construction, we all live in homes, apartments, condominiums, and other living places that were created by construction. Most jobs are in buildings, which were also created by construction. Basically, the entire structural part of society was created by hard working construction workers. To give you a general idea ofRead MoreEcotourism And Mitigation Of Carbon Emissions : Transport Solutions1750 Words   |  7 Pagesone of the main problems and their reduction one of the fundamental goals, which the global community shall achieve in the following years. Most of the activities correlated to the tourism demand energy directly in the form of fossil fuels or indirectly in the form of electricity. The consumption of energy raises the emission of greenhouse gases, mainly carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most important greenhouse gas, accounting for an estimated 60% of the global warming caused by greenhouseRead MoreEmerging Cities Of The Arab Emirates3204 Words   |  13 PagesEmerging Cities in United Arab Emirates The United Arab Emirates is a very wealthy country due to their global position in the export of oil. Within this country is home of two prestigious cities in the development of becoming international hubs within the business and social world. Dubai is developing as the significant commercial gateway to the Middle East. As stated by Mike Davis, in his article called, â€Å"Sand, Fear, and Money in Dubai† he says, â€Å"Dubai is a prototype of the new post-global city

Final Exam Solved free essay sample

Hahn Company uses the percentage of sales method for recording bad debts expense. For the year, cash sales are $300,000 and credit sales are $1,200,000. Management estimates that 1% is the sales percentage to use. What adjusting entry will Hahn Company make to record the bad debts expense? 2) Using the percentage of receivables method for recording bad debts expense, estimated uncollectible accounts are $15,000. If the balance of the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is $3,000 credit before adjustment, what is the amount of bad debts expense for that period? 3) Intangible assets. Intangible assets are the rights and privileges that result from ownership of long-lived assets that 5) The book value of an asset is equal to the 6) Gains on an exchange of plant assets that has commercial substance are 7) Ordinary repairs are expenditures to maintain the operating efficiency of a plant asset and are referred to as 8) Costs incurred to increase the operating efficiency or useful life of a plant asset are referred to as 9) When an interest-bearing note matures, the balance in the Notes Payable account is 10) The interest charged on a $200,000 note payable, at a rate of 6%, on a 2-month note would be. We will write a custom essay sample on Final Exam Solved or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If a corporation issued $3,000,000 in bonds which pay 10% annual interest, what is the annual net cash cost of this borrowing if the income tax rate is 30%? 12) Hilton Company issued a four-year interest-bearing note payable for $300,000 on January 1, 2011. Each January the company is required to pay $75,000 on the note. How will this note be reported on the December 31, 2012 balance sheet? 13) A corporation issued $600,000, 10%, 5-year bonds on January 1, 2011 for 648,666, which reflects an effective-interest rate of 8%. Interest is paid semiannually on January 1 and July 1. If the corporation uses the effective-interest method of amortization of bond premium, the amount of bond interest expense to be recognized on July 1, 2011, is 14) When the effective-interest method of bond discount amortization is used 15) If a corporation has only one class of stock, it is referred to as 16) Capital stock to which the charter has assigned a value per share is called 17) ABC, Inc. has 1,000 shares of 5%, $100 par value, cumulative preferred stock and 50,000 shares of $1 par value common stock outstanding at December 31, 2011. What is the annual dividend on the preferred stock? 18) Manner, Inc. Has 5,000 shares of 5%, $100 par value, noncumulative preferred stock and 20,000 shares of $1 par value common stock outstanding at December 31, 2011. There were no dividends declared in 2010. The board of directors declares and pays a $45,000 dividend in 2011. What is the amount of dividends received by the common stockholders in 2011? 19) When the selling price of treasury stock is greater than its cost, the company credits the difference to 21) Marsh Company has other operating expenses of $240,000. There has been an increase in prepaid expenses of $16,000 during the year, and accrued liabilities are $24,000 lower than in the prior period. Using the direct method of reporting cash flows from operating activities, what were Marshs cash payments for operating expenses? 22) Where would the event purchased land for cash appear, if at all, on the indirect statement of cash flows? 23) In performing a vertical analysis, the base for cost of goods sold is 24) Blanco, Inc. has the following income statement (in millions): Using vertical analysis, what percentage is assigned to Net Income? 25) Dawson Company issued 500 shares of no-par common stock for $4,500. Which of the following journal entries would be made if the stock has a stated value of $2 per share? Andrews, Inc. paid $45,000 to buy back 9,000 shares of its $1 par value common stock. This stock was sold later at a selling price of $6 per share. The entry to record the sale includes a 27) Which of the following is a fundamental factor in having an effective, ethical corporate culture? 28) Two individuals at a retail store work the same cash register. You evaluate this situation as 29) The Sarbanes-Oxley Act imposed which new penalty for executives? 30) The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that all publicly traded companies maintain a system of internal controls. Internal controls can be defined as a plan to

Self-Respect Essays - Anti-social Behaviour, Human Behavior, Respect

Self-Respect An Issue of Self-Respect Being a Christian has changed my perspective on the value of my body. Since becoming a Christian I have had a hard time understanding why or how a girl could belittle herself by so freely giving her body to someone else. Growing up in Philadelphia, I witness this in many different ways. Whether it is a prostitute standing on the corner, or a good friend that sleeps around, the lack of respect these women have for themselves is very visible, and very sad. I am a social work major, and I would someday like to work with teenagers, which is why I am taking the time now to try to understand the reasoning for their foolish and dangerous choices. Why do teenage girls have such little respect for themselves? I am sure that each of these girls have her own theories and reasons for her actions. I believe the most obvious causes are; they were never taught that it was wrong, most guys treat girls with disrespect, and the fact that somebody wants them make them feel loved. Sadly enough, a girl having no respect for herself is not a new thing. Girls just arent taught that it is wrong to abuse their bodies or give away something that is supposed to be so sacred. It seems that some parents these days do not know how to handle their kids and are often too lenient with them. It also seems that role models in todays society advertise sex in subtle, yet noticeable ways. I think the media plays a huge role in the misleading of teenage minds. Entertainment, such as singers and actors are not even chosen based on talent anymore, they are hired based on the right look; it is all about sex appeal. Another obvious cause is, there are so many guys in todays society who were not raised to respect women. They think of women as sex objects, and unimportant people they can control. It is normal to be somewhat dependant on men, but women today seem to become totally reliant on men. In most cases that can be very unhealthy or dangerous. Men know these women need them, so they think they can get away with playing with their heads and their hearts. Women are under the false impression that if a man wants to sleep with her he must love her. When in reality, most men are really out to satisfy themselves. They will tell a girl whatever she wants to hear, until she falls into the trap and gives herself to him. Then he dumps her. You would think the girl would learn after being dumped, but she doesnt, she just looks to be loved by someone else. In most cases it becomes a habit and can be tough to break. Teenage girls in the world today have very little respect for themselves because they really dont know any better. They are just following the pattern that women have been following for generations. In societys eyes as well as their own they are not wrong. My desire for them is that they will be taught that they are very special and they deserve so much more than they think. I pray everyday that they will realize God loves them more than anyone ever could. They have so much to offer, if they just believe in and respect themselves. Social Issues

Religion As A Cyber Society Essays - Monastery, Cyber,

Religion As A Cyber Society The exponential growth of the Cyber society and Cyber culture within the Internet has not gone unnoticed by the ?religious community.? As I write, church web sites are being published and electronic prayer groups zip by in modems and wire networks across the globe. Even isolated monasteries like the Monastery of the Christ in the Desert (see sidebar) are able to send their Benedictine messages from their cloister in New Mexico. New age religions also use the [virtual] soil of the Internet as the center of their ?virtual church? (see end of the Cyber society Observation for links on religious web pages). With these in mind, it is safe to write that Religion has seamlessly incorporated itself within the realm of Cyber society. The presence of Religion in Net Culture is not an unforeseen trend. Although Religion and Modernity does not have the best relationship, Religion has learned that they need to conform with the current trends of technology to survive. Religion sees Modernity (in hand with secularization) as a threat to spiritual well-being and existence of its churches. Today for example, membership in Christian denominations is decreasing and the number of priests is on the downward slope as well. The declining trends are placed on modern individual's tendency to think of religion as ?neither good nor bad but simply irrelevant.? (Encarta ?Religion?) Another reason lies in the prestige appropriated to science, the body of knowledge that made no reference to spiritual gods and the foundation of all the technologies that made human life easier. The religious organizations recognize the decline in membership and religious passivity of the general populace. Instead of going condemning the technology, they adapted to it and used it to perform their evangelical work. Evangelicalism originally means ?personal commitment to Christ and the authority of the Bible (Encarta ?Religion?).? Evangelicalism can also mean the spreading of God's word. History witnessed the churches' efforts to ?convert? people with the help of discovery and innovation. For example, the invention of the movable press type by Johann Guttenberg in Germany changed the painstaking effort of copying the bible by hand. Anyone can now access a bible anywhere they need it. With the invention of the television and radio came the TV and radio evangelists, spreading the ?word of their God? and converting the masses. Many churches actually own stations and record studios that would help establish the stability of their religion. The birth of the Internet, however is a w hole new platform altogether. As a cyber deacon in one the new-age religions puts it (with exaggerated confidence and modulated voice), ?The Internet has the potential of evolving into the greatest communication tool of all time (Busch 1).? The Internet is sometimes scorned as the menace and heralded as the savior of society. How has the Internet worked for Religion? The Internet, for one, has become the primary breeding ground for New-Age churches and religion, usually creating a ?virtual church? in the confines of their web pages. New Age Movement: ?A new form of spirituality that offers individuals the opportunity to reconnect with mystical dimensions of the self and thus the wider cosmos?relationships that are typically obscured by secular culture and often are not addressed in biblical traditions?. (Encarta ?Religion?) Some of these New Age Churches include Cosmosofy, Digitalism and The First Cyber Church of the Scientific God. Most, if not all of the cyber churches try to create a church that combines love for God as related to science. For example, Digitalism is a modernized religion based on the wonders of technology and Buddhism. The First Cyber Church advocates a love for God and mankind with good science as foundation. As a whole, these new religions try to meet anybody's spiritual needs. Traditional Churches and denominations have also taken advantage of the Internet. Many of these religions have established web pages, like the Vatican, Qabalah (for insight on Jewish Mysticism) and Anglicans Online to name a few. A list of traditional churches and their links are found at the end of this paper. The old religions like the New age religion uses the Internet to spread their message of faith with the aid of the technologies

QACA and Qatar Charities Essays

QACA and Qatar Charities Essays QACA and Qatar Charities Essay QACA and Qatar Charities Essay 1.4 Challenges Faced by QACA between 2004 and 2009 Despite the many gains that QACA achieved between 2004 and 2009, it had to overcome many challenges. First, the authority employed a small staff (less than 60 employees). Due to the small size of its workforce, the authority outsourced auditing services to third party entities such as PriceWaterhouse Coopers. Outsourcing of services became a major bone of contention between the authority and Islamic charities in Qatar. Some of the charities claim that the contracted third party auditors were unreliable and not objective, and that they could disclose confidential information to unauthorized parties. The charitable groups also complained that the routine audits conducted by the contracted auditors at the behest of QACA lacked clear terms of reference because the charities were not getting reports after the audits. Concern were also raised that the audit cycle was taking too long, which was too costly to the charities. The charities alleged that the contracted third parties were deliber ately taking too long to complete the audit process so as to earn more money. These claims were refuted by QACA, but severely dented the organizations image in the country. Another issue of concern related to information exchange between QACA and the various charities and state agencies operating in Qatar. Immediately QACA was formed, it embarked on developing a system of communication network through which it could facilitate exchange of information with stakeholders. The authority could also use the communication system to electronically monitor each charitable groups financial processes. Such a communication system was never implemented because the charitable sector felt that the system could violate the privacy and confidentiality of charities. Some charities expressed fears that financial information passed to QACA through the system could end up in the hands of the competitors. Due to these reservations, the communication system, though well intended, was never implemented. This severed communication between QACA on one hand, and Islamic charities and other stakeholders on the other (Jonathan, 2003). Another challenge faced by QACA was the strong opposition from Qatar international charities which complained that the authority was biased because it played a dual role as a government regulator and as a charitable organization. In fact, part of QACAs mandate was to provide charitable aid and humanitarian assistance. Accordingly, the authority was always involved in several instances of aid delivery especially during catastrophic disasters and in crisis hit areas. For example, it provided aid to Indonesia after the deadly tsunami of 2004. The authority also provided aid to Pakistan and China following a series of catastrophes. Other charity groups felt that QACAs duality of roles created conflict of interest and exacerbated a state of competition between QACA (as a regulator) and the charities. This led to constrained relationships, making it difficult for QACA to execute its mandate effectively. 1.5 Dissolution of QACA Qaca was disbanded in 2009 following a decision by the government to restructure state institutions and ministries. In the restructuring process, a number of small government agencies were merged into ministries. Resultantly, the activities of QACA were taken over by the Ministry of Social Affairs. During the five year period when the Qatar Authority on Charitable Activities existed, it achieved many successes, setting precedence for future oversight and control of the charity sector. In its oversight roles, the authority found no evidence that Qatari charities or their foreign partners were involved in any illegal activities such a terror financing or money laundering. This gave the Qatari charity sector a clean bill of health, making Qatar one of the few countries in the Middle East with a well managed, transparent and efficient charity sector. Although QACA has long been disbanded, the government continues to regulate and monitor the charity sector with the aim of ensuring that ch aritable funds are used to make the greatest impact and that they are not diverted to criminal activities. As could be expected, the dissolution of QACA caused an immediate and long-lasting impact on the charity sector. Some charities felt that the dissolution was a sign of fragmentation in the government administration of public state agencies. Some feared that although the dissolution was not targeted exclusively at QACA, it could cause the charity sector to be regulated more stringently. Until the time of its dissolution, QACA had been considered the pioneer of a consultative framework for government coordination of the non-governmental sector. As such, some stakeholders felt the amalgamation of the activities of QACA with those of the ministry to be a wrong step taken by the government at a time when governments in other parts of the world were doing the opposite.

Liver Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Liver Disease - Essay Example It is strategically placed between the gut and the rest of the body and hence acts as a filter and does not allow bacteria to enter our blood stream (Reichen). The liver produces and secretes a fluid called bile that enters the intestine. This helps in digestion and absorption. Bile is clear yellow to golden-brown and contains water, electrolytes (salts), cholesterol, bile salts (detergents), phospholipids, and proteins (Everson & Weinberg). Liver can be affected by various types of diseases – some of which can be since birth or some may acquire it during the course of life. The most common liver diseases are jaundice and hepatitis A and C. When the bilrubin count in the body goes beyond the specified normal limit, a person is said to be affected with jaundice (Beckingham & Ryder). When a person has jaundice, bilrubin becomes visible within the sclera, skin, and mucous membranes. Jaundice can be of different types depending upon the intensity to which the liver is affected. Accordingly, it is categorized as prehepatic, hepatic, or posthepatic. In prehepatic jaundice, bilrubin is produced faster than the liver is capable of handling it. Unconjugated bilrubin is insoluble and cannot be excreted through the urine. This is normally found when patients are anemic. Posthepatic jaundice is also known as obstructive jaundice, in which the bilrubin is conjugated and soluble. This is excreted in the urine due to which the urine is dark in color. At the same time, the stool is pale in color because the bilrubin is unable to enter the gut region. In hepatic jaundice, both conjugated and unconjugated bilrubin concentration rises, due to which the urine and stool remain or normal color. Nevertheless, the color of stool and urine should not be the determinants of the hepatic condition of the liver, as these could be affected due to other reasons. When the alanine transaminase activity